If Unamuno had been able to choose how to be remembered, he would have wanted him to be a poet. This book wants to do justice to that happy possibility. But above all because Unamuno was a poet in the highest sense: he was while writing the same essay as a novel, or theater, letter or verse, and he was also a poet when he passionately lived all the facets of his intense existence. His intellectual work was poetic and his (...) personal relationships, as well as his political activity, also responded to that peculiar Unamunian aesthetic in which the vital horizon is inescapably confused with the tasks of thought." --Translated from back cover. (shrink)

In the present paper we study the framework of additive utility theory, obtaining new results derived from a concurrence of algebraic and topological techniques. Such techniques lean on the concept of a connected topological totally ordered semigroup. We achieve a general result concerning the existence of continuous and additive utility functions on completely preordered sets endowed with a binary operation ``+'', not necessarily being commutative or associative. In the final part of the paper we get some applications to expected utility (...) theory, and a representation theorem for a class of complete preorders on a quite general family of real mixture spaces. (shrink)

The sexual double standard refers to the acceptance of different criteria to assess the same sexual behavior in men and women. To date, the few studies that have addressed the relationship between SDS and sexual satisfaction have obtained inconclusive results. In addition, no study has analyzed sexual satisfaction in people who maintain different forms of adherence to the SDS. This study establishes three SDS typologies of adherence in two areas of sexual behavior to examine the predictive capacity of personal variables, (...) interpersonal variables and social variables in sexual satisfaction. A sample of 1194 heterosexual adults aged between 18 and 87 years, who had been in a relationship for more than 6 months, was evaluated. In men, the highest sexual satisfaction levels were obtained in the egalitarian typology in the sexual freedom area. In women, no significant differences were found between the typologies of adherence to the SDS. Regression models showed that relationship satisfaction was the main predictor of sexual satisfaction in all the typologies in both men and women. In addition, the predictive relationship of personal variables with sexual satisfaction varied according to gender and the SDS adherence type. The results show the importance of studying sexual satisfaction by taking into account not only the differences between men and women. Furthermore, it is essential to consider other differences between people; for example, the difference that derives from the way of psychologically internalizing attitude toward the SDS. (shrink)

This study investigates priming in an implicit word stem completion (WSC) task by analyzing the effect of linguistic stimuli characteristics on said task. A total of 305 participants performed a WSC task in two phases (study and test). The test phase included 63 unique-solution stems and 63 multiple-solution stems. Analysis revealed that priming (mean = 0.22) was stronger in the case of multiple-solution stems, indicating that they were not a homogeneous group of stimuli. Thus, further analyses were performed only for (...) the data of the unique-solution stems. Correlations between priming and familiarity, frequency of use, and baseline completion were significant. The less familiar words, which were less frequent, had higher priming values. At the same time, the stems with lower baseline completion generated more priming. A regression analysis showed that baseline completion was the only significant predictor of priming, suggesting that the previous processing of the stimuli had a greater impact on the stimuli with low baseline performance. At the same time, baseline completion showed significant positive correlations with familiarity and frequency of use, and a negative correlation with length. When baseline completion was the dependent variable in the regression analysis, the significant variables in the regression were familiarity and length. These results were compared with those obtained in a study using word fragment completion (WFC) by Soler et al. (2009), in which the same words and procedure were employed. Analysis showed that the variables that correlated with priming were the same as in the WSC task, and that completion baseline was the variable that showed the greatest predictive power of priming. This coincidence of results obtained with WFC and WSC tasks highlights the importance of controlling the characteristics of the stimuli used when exploring the nature of priming. (shrink)

Aunque algunos autores clásicos de las Ciencias Sociales vaticinaban que el inevitable proceso de secularización conllevaría la pérdida de las prácticas religiosas y de la importancia del ritual en las sociedades contemporáneas a lo largo del siglo XX, dicho proceso no ha llegado finalmente a producirse en los términos en los que se pensaba que sucedería. Nos encontramos, por lo tanto, ante una etapa de postsecularización. Si el catolicismo ha marcado durante siglos la vida y la moral en la sociedad (...) española y el siglo XX fue testigo de una promoción muy marcada del mismo durante el régimen franquista, una vez que a finales de los años sesenta la legislación comenzó a permitir la expresión pública de la diversidad religiosa, las múltiples confesiones se fueron haciendo más visibles hasta llegar a la situación actual, en la que su presencia puede verse tanto en el espacio público como en los medios de comunicación. En nuestro artículo pretendemos mostrar cómo esta visibilización, que atañe tanto al propio catolicismo como al resto de religiones presentes en la sociedad española, se lleva también a cabo a través de la difusión del patrimonio cultural vinculado a las mismas y a su promoción turística, que permite que el visitante entre en contacto con las diversas religiones a través de un mayor conocimiento de su legado y de sus lugares de culto. (shrink)

Languages use predicates and arguments to express events and event participants. In order to establish generalizations concerning the variety languages show regarding the strategies for discerning some arguments from the others, the concept of roles—and, particularly, macroroles, mesoroles, and microroles—associated with participants provides a widely studied starting point. In this article, the formal properties in the arguments of a set of 14 verb meanings in Spanish Sign Language have been analyzed. Arguments have been studied by considering their microroles, and a (...) quantitative method for measuring distances from a plurality of properties has been adopted. The novelty of this analysis is that it focuses on how arguments group in terms of these properties. Subsequently, some generalizations justifying why some verb meanings have a tendency to associate with certain forms of argument expression are highlighted in this study. (shrink)

Does the board of directors influence cost of debt financing? This study of a sample of Spanish listed companies during the period 2004-2007 provides some evidence about the question. The results suggest that two board attributes - director ownership and board activity - appear to influence in the risk assessment of debtholders because of their ability to reduce agency cost and information asymmetry. We also find a non-linear relationship between board size and cost of debt, suggesting that from certain levels (...) the benefits of large boards may be outweighed by the cost of poorer communication and increased decision-making time. (shrink)

La "yesería" constituye uno de los elementos decorativos más característicos de nuestra arquitectura medieval. La imagen que hoy tenemos de La Alhambra, de la Sinagoga del Tránsito, y de tantos otros palacios y conventos, se debe a ese barato elemento constructivo que logró crear la misma apariencia de lujo de las telas o el marfil. Como hemos podido estudiar en nuestro artículo del número anterior (Al-Qantara, XX, 275-297), en el palacio de Ruy López Dávalos de Toledo se conserva uno de (...) los conjuntos más fascinantes del siglo XIV, el cual nos ha llevado a preparar estas páginas sobre la técnica de la yesería medieval. (shrink)

Social systems are always exposed to critical processes in which their organization, or part of it, is questioned by the society that demands solutions through different critical saliences. The traditional approach to such social crises has mainly focused on their anticipation and management, implying that the focus is on trying to deal with crises once they occur, rather than delving in their essential characteristics that seemingly depend on the adaptive nature of the system and the increase in its internal complexity. (...) To address this issue, we propose a dual approach that utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods in order to delve into the relationship between the complexity of the social system, its adaptation, and critical episodes. Our analysis shows how an explosive economic growth affects a social system, increasing its complexity. This complexity produces different demands from the system itself. These demands manifest signatures of complexity such as a heterogeneous and rich social structure, which emerges during moments when the society acts strongly. (shrink)

¿Podemos llamar madre a Dios? Responder a esta pregunta es lo que tratamos de hacer en las siguientes líneas partiendo del estudio de la raíz hebrea "rhm", cuyo significado original es "útero". Comenzamos haciendo un rápido repaso del significado del término y de sus palabras derivadas en los textos bíblicos. Nos centramos en el uso del término por el profeta Isaías y -especialmente- por el profeta de la Consolación. Así, parece que concebir y entender a Dios como madre es algo (...) que forma parte de la revelación. (shrink)

Las revistas ilustradas jugaron un papel fundamental en el proceso comunicativo durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. Las portadas cobraron relevancia al procurar el impacto en los receptores. Se presenta un análisis de los contenidos culturales en las portadas de las revistas ilustradas de información general publicadas durante la Segunda República española, con dos objetivos: averiguar si se produjo un cambio significativo en el modelo comunicativo y conocer la tipología de los contenidos. Las revistas analizadas han sido cinco: Blanco (...) y Negro, Nuevo Mundo, Mundo Gráfico, Estampa y Crónica. (shrink)

There is a growing concern about the effects that the relationship between the activity of society in the physical world and in the digital world could have. In this study, we address this question in a context of social crisis. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data associated with the critical process suggests a deep and nontrivial relationship between both worlds. Perhaps the most important result refers to the leading role of language, its meaning, and symbolism in the development (...) of social transformation processes linked to the complexity of the social system and its adaptive nature. (shrink)

En su obra "sobre el sentimiento y la volición", Zubiri advierte que la relación entre una cualidad de valor y aquello que la ostenta es intrínseca. Ello le lleva a sostener que el acto de estimar no recae, como pretende Scheler, sobre el valor, sino sobre la realidad en cuanto "bien". Esta tesis plantea, sin embargo, el problema de la estimabilidad de lo que no es real ni posible.

This paper is concerned with the role of self-observation in managing complexity in meaning systems. Revising Niklas Luhmann's theory of mass media, we approach the mass media system as a social sub-system functionally specialized in the coupling of psychic systems' self-observation and social systems' self-observation.According to Autopoietic Systems Theory and von Foerster's second order cybernetics, self-observation presupposes a capability for meta-observation that demands a specific distinction between observer and actor. This distinction seems especially relevant in those social contexts where a (...) separation between the action of observation and other social actions is required. However, in those social contexts where the defining action is precisely observation, the border between observer and actor is blurred.We shall consider the significant divergence between the implicit and the explicit epistemologies of the mass media system, which appears to be characterized by the explicit assumption of a classic objectivist epistemology, on one side, and a relativist epistemology on the other, posing a hybrid epistemic status somewhere in between science and arts. (shrink)

«En nuestros días la situación respecto de los valores y la ética fundada en ellos resulta realmente sorprendente. Ya no se habla tan sólo de valores bursátiles. Ahora también los pedagogos ensayan desde sus tarimas la educación en valores, los políticos apelan desde sus escaños a los valores constitucionales, los comités de ética disciernen en los hospitales los valores que han de respetarse en la actividad clínica, los filósofos de la ciencia se reúnen en sus institutos para cavilar sobre la (...) relación de ésta con los valores, los colectivos feministas reivindican en sus foros la consideración de la dependencia entre valores y 'género', hasta los sacerdotes exhortan desde sus ambones a la realización de los valores del Reino... Y, sin embargo, esta ubicua y recurrente alusión a los valores y a sus exigencias va acompañada a la vez de un clamoroso y tenaz silencio filosófico acerca de la naturaleza y el conocimiento de esos singulares objetos, al parecer tan importantes y omnipresentes. Las páginas que dan cuerpo a este libro han nacido de la necesidad de poner esas cosas de que tanto se habla en la tela de juicio de la filosofía.». (shrink)